14. JDBC
2022年8月29日
14. JDBC
什么是 JDBC : Java 连接数据库!
需要 jar 包的支持:
- java.sql
- javax.sql
- mysql-conneter-java… 连接驱动(必须要导入)
实验环境搭建:
CREATE TABLE users(
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
`name` VARCHAR(40),
`password` VARCHAR(40),
email VARCHAR(60),
birthday DATE
);
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(1,'张三','123456','zs@qq.com','2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(2,'李四','123456','ls@qq.com','2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(3,'王五','123456','ww@qq.com','2000-01-01');
SELECT * FROM users;
导入数据库依赖
<!--mysql的驱动-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
IDEA 中连接数据库:
JDBC 固定步骤
- 加载驱动
- 连接数据库,代表数据库
- 向数据库发送 SQL 的对象 Statement : CRUD
- 编写 SQL (根据业务,不同的 SQL)
- 执行 SQL
- 关闭连接
public class TestJdbc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
//1.加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.向数据库发送SQL的对象Statement,PreparedStatement : CRUD
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//4.编写SQL
String sql = "select * from users";
//5.执行查询SQL,返回一个 ResultSet : 结果集
ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
while (rs.next()){
System.out.println("id="+rs.getObject("id"));
System.out.println("name="+rs.getObject("name"));
System.out.println("password="+rs.getObject("password"));
System.out.println("email="+rs.getObject("email"));
System.out.println("birthday="+rs.getObject("birthday"));
}
//6.关闭连接,释放资源(一定要做) 先开后关
rs.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
预编译 SQL
public class TestJDBC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
//1.加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.编写SQL
String sql = "insert into users(id, name, password, email, birthday) values (?,?,?,?,?);";
//4.预编译
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1,2);//给第一个占位符? 的值赋值为1;
preparedStatement.setString(2,"狂神说Java");//给第二个占位符? 的值赋值为狂神说Java;
preparedStatement.setString(3,"123456");//给第三个占位符? 的值赋值为123456;
preparedStatement.setString(4,"24736743@qq.com");//给第四个占位符? 的值赋值为1;
preparedStatement.setDate(5,new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime()));//给第五个占位符? 的值赋值为new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime());
//5.执行SQL
int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
if (i>0){
System.out.println("插入成功@");
}
//6.关闭连接,释放资源(一定要做) 先开后关
preparedStatement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
事务
要么都成功,要么都失败!
ACID 原则:保证数据的安全。
开启事务
事务提交 commit()
事务回滚 rollback()
关闭事务
转账:
A:1000
B:1000
A(900) --100--> B(1100)
Junit 单元测试
依赖
<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
简单使用
@Test 注解只有在方法上有效,只要加了这个注解的方法,就可以直接运行!
@Test
public void test(){
System.out.println("Hello");
}
失败的时候是红色:
搭建一个环境:
CREATE TABLE account(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(40),
money FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('A',1000);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('B',1000);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('C',1000);
@Test
public void test() {
//配置信息
//useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "root";
String password = "123456";
Connection connection = null;
//1.加载驱动
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.连接数据库,代表数据库
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//3.通知数据库开启事务,false 开启
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
String sql = "update account set money = money-100 where name = 'A'";
connection.prepareStatement(sql).executeUpdate();
//制造错误
//int i = 1/0;
String sql2 = "update account set money = money+100 where name = 'B'";
connection.prepareStatement(sql2).executeUpdate();
connection.commit();//以上两条SQL都执行成功了,就提交事务!
System.out.println("success");
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
//如果出现异常,就通知数据库回滚事务
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
封装 JDBC 工具类
工具类
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String driver;
private static String url;
private static String username;
private static String password;
static {
try {
// 方式一.可以直接赋值,需要编译后,才能执行
// driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
// url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bjpowernode";
// username = "root";
// password = "1234";
// 方式二:将数据放在不需要编译就可以直接运行的文件中,properties文件
Properties properties = new Properties();
// properties.load(new FileInputStream("src//db.properties"));
properties.load(JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties"));
// 为成员变量赋值
driver = properties.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
url = properties.getProperty("jdbc.url");
username = properties.getProperty("jdbc.username");
password = properties.getProperty("jdbc.password");
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 返回连接数据库的对象
*
* @return
*/
public static Connection getConnection() {
try {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 关闭资源
*
* @param connection
* @param preparedStatement
* @param resultSet
*/
public static void closeAll(Connection connection, PreparedStatement preparedStatement,
ResultSet resultSet) {
if (resultSet != null) {
try {
resultSet.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (preparedStatement != null) {
try {
preparedStatement.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 对于JDBC工具类封装可以根据需要进行不同的处理, 原则上可以将JDBC操作的6个步骤,全部封装在工具类中,
* <p>
* 对于所有的DML语句进行封装处理
*
* @param sql 要执行的DML语句
* @param args sql语句中占位符的数据值
*/
public static int myExecuteUpdate(String sql, Object... args) {
Connection connection = getConnection();
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
int result = -1;
try {
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
// 判断是否存在占位符
if (args != null) {
// 为占位符赋值
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
preparedStatement.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
}
}
result = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
} catch (Exception throwables) {
try {
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
throwables.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
connection.commit();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
closeAll(connection, preparedStatement, null);
}
return result;
}
}
配置文件
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/bjpowernode
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root